An RFID credential is an electronic identifier used in an access control system to prove a person is authorized to enter.

It contains a unique ID stored in an RFID chip, which is read wirelessly by an RFID reader.

Common RFID credentials include:

• Access cards
• Key fobs
• Wristbands
• Stickers/tags
• Mobile phone credentials (virtual RFID/NFC)

How RFID credentials work

1. The credential is brought near a reader.
2. The reader emits radio frequency energy.
3. The RFID chip responds with its stored ID number.
4. The access controller checks permissions.
5. If authorized, the door unlocks.

Popular credential types in access control

EM / EM4100

• 125 kHz
• Low security
• Read-only cards

MIFARE

• 13.56 MHz
• Common in offices/apartments
• Better security and memory features

DESFire

• Advanced encrypted HF credential
• High-security enterprise systems

HID Prox

• Proprietary 125 kHz system from HID Global

Mobile Credentials

• NFC
• Bluetooth
• QR codes
• Smartphones act as the credential instead of a physical card.